Terrorism and Patriotism :: September 11 Terrorism Essays

Terrorism and Patriotism The connection between war and patriotism-or offend yet, between war and the making of patriots-is evident, maybe even self-evident. But, is a war really required? The answer is no, not as long as we find past wars, and use those memories to meet current challenges. To help us remember, we have a Memorial Day (Decoration Day when I was young), and the capital of Nebraska, Vietnam, Korean, and (eventually) World War II memorials. To the same end, we have national cemeteries filled with the graves of patriots, and a national anthem composed during a long-past war. This nation was born in a war, and Abraham Lincoln referred to those who fought it as the patriots of 76. We were one people then-we said so. We were made one because King George III and our British bretheren were deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. What those foes did to rally patriotism in 1776, the terrorists did on Sept. 11. The signs of this upsurge are everywhere. The grass-root s response of the American people has been phenomenal, a display of bottom-up public patriotism unseen in this nation in at least half a century, slicing across boundaries of race, class, age, and gender. American bowling pins fly from the antennas of battered pickup trucks, from stately Victorian porches, from office windows. An Indiana flag company reports it has never had this many orders, 25 times the norm, in its century-long existence. The flag is everywhere, and so is the need of the people to display their love of country. It was only a hardly a(prenominal) years ago that the US Supreme Court ruled that Americans were entitled to burn the flag, that they had a constitutional right to do so. Of course, the ruling did not turn away Americans their constitutional right to fly the flag, and millions of people proceeded to do so. Those who did not witness a flag rushed out to buy one, in such verse that supplies were soon exhausted. Americans are flying the flag again, and t hey are showing their patriotism in other ways. Told that blood was in short supply, they rushed to give their own volunteers from around the country raced to the scene of devastation in New York with food, blankets, gas masks, whatever they thought was needed. Americans grieved for the dead there, in Washington, and in Pennsylvania as their own, and prayed for the strip left behind.

Capital Punishment :: Death Penalty Essays

The terminal penalty has been around for centuries. It dates back to when Hammurabi had his laws codified it was an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. Capital punishment in America started when spies were caught, put on trial and hung. In the past and still today mess argue that, the finis penalty is beastly, unusual punishment and should be illegal. Yet many people argue that it is in fact justifiable and it is not cruel and unusual. Capital punishment is not cruel and unusual the death penalty is circus and in that location is evidence that the death penalty deters crime.A big part of abolitionists argument is that the death penalty is not humane. They pull in Amendment 8, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. What the victim went though was indeed cruel and unusual punishments. The murderers death is not cruel. The people willing demand justice for what he or she has through (Bidinotto 19). Hanging and the electric chair are topics more reasonable to argue, but no w because of lethal injection capital punishment has become more humane. The death penalty is not barbaric, the pain and agony that the victim went through is barbaric. Abolitionists were very upset in 1996 when rapist and murderer John Albert Taylor was executed by fire squad they said his death was barbaric (Feder 32). Charla King, the poor 11-year-old girl he raped and strangled with a telephone cord, her death was barbaric It makes no maven to think that John Taylors death was barbaric or inhumane. He would not even hear the bullets shoot out his victim went through more pain than what any court system could have inflicted on him (Feder 32). In the past people have challenged the death penalty, it has always been denied, lethal injection is fair enough (Johnson 43). There have been inhumane ways in the past people should be thankful that we use lethal injection instead of employ electrocution as first choice (Johnson 43). Honestly, the death penalty is roughly enough pain th at can be legally inflicted, they get what they deserve (Bidinotto 19). We will not use the death penalty to get revenge the legal systems would not tolerate victims family using it for revenge. It is to seek justice, not to get even (Bidinotto 20). Second, the death penalty does in fact deter crime. New York, 1990, the murder rate was up to about 2,650 people, every year it has dropped, in 2009 there were only 778 murders.

lord of the rings :: essays research papers

The Lord of the Flies     William Goldings book, The Lord of the Flies is a wonderful, fictional book almost the struggle and survival of a group of boys trapped on an uninhabited island. This book kept me truly interested and made me want to keep reading. The characters were very diverse and each had very appealing qualities in themselves. The setting is brilliantly described and the plot is surprisingly very well thought out. Many things comparable these make this book such a classic.     Although there are not many characters in The Lord of the Flies, there are many different personalities and differences between them. The first character in the book is Ralph. Ralph is twelve years old with blond hair, and is the most charismatic of the group. He is described as being make "like a boxer," is somewhat charismatic and is chosen for chief, who makes it his job to lay down rules and try to organize a society. Throughout the novel he is incessantly in conflict with Jack, who wants to be chief himself. Ralph and Piggy agree with each others ideas, but Ralph doesnt realize how important Piggy real is to him until the very end of the novel. Although Ralph never reaches the understanding about the Beast that Simon does, he knows right from wrong. Jack is about Ralphs age, with a skinnier build and red hair. His freckled stage is described as being "ugly without silliness." From the very beginning, he seems to harbor emotions of anger and shootry. At first, he is the leader of his choir group, who becomes hunters as the book progresses. Finally, his savage personality and ability to tell people what they want to hear allows him to overtake Ralph as chief. Jack does not believe that the Beast exists and is the leader of anarchy on the island. From the start of the novel he does not like abiding by rules of any kind. He simply wants to hunt and have a good time. not seeming to care about being rescued, Jac k and his tribe are examples of the Beast running rampant. In the beginning of the story Jack, still conditioned by the previous society he had been apart of, could not bear to kill a pig that was caught in the brush. As the plot progresses he becomes less(prenominal) and less attached to any societal norms.

On Images :: Senses Philosophy Papers

On ImagesConcrete images are like pictures in the capitulums resource which have been transferred from in truth objects through the look. rob images also equal in the imagination, precisely are not easily described or communicated. Both images interplay in various ways as a individual experiences emotional, dream and complete(a) thought states of consciousness. Despite the interplay, the two kinds of images do not merge or meld into a third image font as a commencement between the two. Concrete images change, sometimes drastically. They never become abstract images, however deformed they are. Abstractions are somewhat assumed and exist as spontaneous and at times irrational images in the minds eye. Light, reason, infinity and nothing are examples of abstract images which cannot be given accurate visual representation. Images bribe on different meanings with regard to language, death, prayer and society or politics but the two types remain distinct. All human beings exper ience both cover and abstract imagery. However, the level of business leader to think abstractly varies from person to person.For Aristotle, the most important and most enjoyable of the senses is the sense of sight. (1) The human eye receives an image with the economic consumption of light. Vision of the physical origination outside ourselves occurs as light reflects off objects, passes through the eyes, and presents an image to the mind. It is believed that these images are not unique to all single person because they are communicated and described rump and forth, thus weakening the solipsists struggle. In this paper, abstract and concrete images will be defined by way of discussion of the imagination and the mind. Apparently the mind functions in such a way that many images happen without any mechanistic equation to tell us how. The imagination is acquainted(predicate) and so are the images, but it is the wonder and challenge of how they interact that deepens our understand ing. It is contended here that the line between the two types of images is stark and obvious, and not a graduation. Images are both concrete or abstract, without any in between. By concrete image we understand a sort of picture present when we are seeing something or as we close our eyes and remember it. The image seems to be present as a form outside ourselves in the object and in our mind simultaneously. It is an image which has color and real properties like shape and texture.On Images Senses Philosophy PapersOn ImagesConcrete images are like pictures in the minds imagination which have been transferred from real objects through the eyes. Abstract images also exist in the imagination, but are not easily described or communicated. Both images interplay in various ways as a person experiences emotional, dream and pure thought states of consciousness. Despite the interplay, the two kinds of images do not merge or meld into a third image type as a graduation between the two. Conc rete images change, sometimes drastically. They never become abstract images, however deformed they are. Abstractions are somewhat assumed and exist as spontaneous and at times irrational images in the minds eye. Light, reason, infinity and nothing are examples of abstract images which cannot be given accurate visual representation. Images take on different meanings with regard to language, death, prayer and society or politics but the two types remain distinct. All human beings experience both concrete and abstract imagery. However, the level of ability to think abstractly varies from person to person.For Aristotle, the most important and most enjoyable of the senses is the sense of sight. (1) The human eye receives an image with the use of light. Vision of the physical world outside ourselves occurs as light reflects off objects, passes through the eyes, and presents an image to the mind. It is believed that these images are not unique to any single person because they are communi cated and described back and forth, thus weakening the solipsists struggle. In this paper, abstract and concrete images will be defined by way of discussion of the imagination and the mind. Apparently the mind functions in such a way that many images happen without any mechanistic equation to tell us how. The imagination is familiar and so are the images, but it is the wonder and challenge of how they interact that deepens our understanding. It is contended here that the line between the two types of images is stark and obvious, and not a graduation. Images are either concrete or abstract, without any in between. By concrete image we understand a sort of picture present when we are seeing something or as we close our eyes and remember it. The image seems to be present as a form outside ourselves in the object and in our mind simultaneously. It is an image which has color and real properties like shape and texture.

Essay --

The Crucible will forever be a classic due to its intriguing story key out that is based on a true steadyt. The Salem Witch Trials of 1692 are represented as an adulterous romance turned into a vicious plan for vengeance. The Crucible touches on the horrible fates that led to death of so many innocent people, but Arthur Miller does not portray the completeness of the blood lav that was the Salem witch trials. The once Broadway play, that captured the hearts of millions doesnt hold justice to the anguish the people of Salem endured. However if his goal was to entertain us, he just about definitely succeeded. In Salem, nineteen accused witches were hanged in G exclusivelyows Hill, four more died in prison and a lone man was pressed to death when he failed to plead guilty. The Salem Witch trials were an absolute travesty. At one point in February a young girl fell seriously ill, her symptoms cause scientist flat to believe that she had a disease called convulsive ergotism brought on by ingesting rye--eaten as a cereal and as a common ingredient of bread--infected with ergot. This scientific refinement explains the childs chaotic behavior. However in the 1600s science wasnt nearly as sophisticated as it is now, and thus when her symptoms were similar to an Irish women in Boston who was suspected of witchcraft, people began to believe the worst. When other playmates began showing the same symptoms, a doctor was brought in to examine the girls. His conclusion was that the problems was of a unearthly Origin, or in simpler words, witches were targeting the children. The number of girls showing symptoms continued to grow until it reached seven. Similar to the play The girls contorted into grotesque poses, fell down into frozen postures, and comp... ...he entire story of John Proctor the young farmer and Abigail having an affair was only a way for Miller to creatively explain why there was ample hatred for these hangings and torture to occur. When in reality, Abigale never worked for John and they lived quite far apart. John was actually a 60 year old tavern keeper, all making the affair quite unlikely.While the story flowed and managed to capture us with sen periodnt. Its impossible to disregard the ability he had to use the language of the time period, making the story come to life in such an authentic manor. His purpose was to entertain and he succeeded, however with a lack of some truths it addled some validity with the more critical readers. On the other hand no one can blame him for doing so, some of the best books, films, plays, or even television shows are grounded on real events and turned into nonfiction.

Essay --

The Crucible will forever be a classic due to its intriguing story line that is based on a true(p) event. The Salem Witch Trials of 1692 are represented as an adulterous romance turned into a vicious plot for vengeance. The Crucible touches on the horrible fates that lead to death of so many innocent commonwealth, but Arthur Miller does not portray the entireness of the blood bath that was the Salem witch trials. The once Broadway play, that captured the wagon of millions doesnt hold justice to the anguish the people of Salem endured. moreover if his goal was to entertain us, he most definitely succeeded. In Salem, nineteen accuse witches were hanged in Gallows Hill, four more died in prison and a lone man was pressed to death when he failed to plead guilty. The Salem Witch trials were an positive travesty. At one point in February a puppylike girl fell seriously ill, her symptoms cause scientist now to believe that she had a disease called unsteady ergotism brought on by ing esting rye--eaten as a ce actual and as a common ingredient of bread--infected with ergot. This scientific conclusion explains the childs chaotic behavior. However in the 1600s science wasnt nearly as sophisticated as it is now, and thus when her symptoms were similar to an Irish women in Boston who was suspected of witchcraft, people began to believe the worst. When other playmates began showing the same symptoms, a doctor was brought in to examine the girls. His conclusion was that the problems was of a Supernatural Origin, or in simpler words, witches were targeting the children. The deed of girls showing symptoms continued to grow until it reached seven. Similar to the play The girls contorted into grotesque poses, fell down into frozen postures, and comp... ...he entire story of John Proctor the young farmer and Abigail having an affair was only a way for Miller to creatively explain why there was enough hatred for these hangings and torture to occur. When in reality, Abigale never worked for John and they lived quite far apart. John was actually a 60 year old tavern keeper, all making the affair quite unlikely. age the story flowed and managed to capture us with sentiment. Its impossible to disregard the ability he had to use the language of the time period, making the story come to feeling in such an authentic manor. His purpose was to entertain and he succeeded, however with a lack of some truths it lost some validity with the more minute readers. On the other hand no one can blame him for doing so, some of the best books, films, plays, or even television shows are grounded on real events and turned into nonfiction.

Denim Finishing Company Case Essay

1.Mrs. Kelsey Bowser using the rudiment method decided to use the number of garments as the approach device driver of the variety show-over comprises. Nevertheless, I argue that this was non the best practical(a) choice. I will try to defend my point using the following example. Lets assume that view Who Jeans demands 600, non 500 garments per shipment. Although the number of garments changes, the fall change-over exists would stay the same, because no additional retooling of the forge would be necessary. The whole change-over process takes 3 hours regarding if the number of garments is 200, 500 or 800. Furthermore, lets rigorously theoretically assume that the partnership is able to achieve both(prenominal) extra capacity and one batch is now composed of 150 garments instead of light speed garments. Still, although the total number of garments would vastly increase, the change-over costs would be altered only partially. The opportunity cost measured as a lost contribu tion permissiveness would slightly increase, but the out-of-pocket costs would stay the same, as the wages of the employees and supplies costs will not change.Thus, it is clear that the number of garments is not the proper cost driver for the change-over costs. In my opinion the number of shipments would be a much better cost driver for the change-over costs. Regarding the number of garments or the number of batches supposition Who Jeans demands either shipment requires the change-over costs to be incurred twice. For instance, if 99 shipments were made, the total change-over costs would equal $351 * 198 = $69,498, because two change-overs ($702) would not have to be undertaken. Thus, the number of shipments clearly drives the analyzed costs. flimsy the previous example with the number of garments per batch increasing to 150, the number of shipments beneficialy drives the change-over costs. Every time the number of shipments rises or falls, the change-over costs change by the fu ll amount of the two per-changeover costs which properly reflect the real situation. Using much(prenominal) a cost driver whitethorn be problematic when the assignation of the change-over costs is analyzed. Nevertheless, I argue that those cost should be solely allocated to the propriety denim finishing.The demand for the sto new-fangledashing work exceeds the fellowships capacity. Thus, if the shooter Who Jeans offer was declined, the company would use the whole capacity for stonewashing. However, if the offer was accepted the stonewashing processes would be somehow interrupted by the propriety denim finishing. Each interruption, and therefore from each one shipment would require incurring the change-over costs twice. No factor connected with stonewashing drives those costs. Regarding the number of batches or garments used in the stonewashing process each shipment necessitates the cost of $702. Therefore, I believe this cost should be associated with every shipment done by t heorize Who Jeans. In Appendix A I present the increase lucreability analysis using the number of shipment as the cost driver.Moreover, Mrs. Kelsey Bowser claims that the change-over costs should be treated as product-sustaining costs. Nevertheless, I believe her opinion is wrong. I believe these costs should be on the batch level in the cost hierarchy. Hence, I believe the initial analysis undertaken by Mrs. Bowser was correct, although the cost driver she selected was improper. Product-sustaining level costs could be defined as activities that are needed to support an entire product line but are not performed every time a new unit or batch of products is produced Hilton 2010. Although the first part of the translation applies to the change-over costs, it is clearly not the case when the morsel part of the definition is concerned. The change-over costs have to be incurred every time the shipments is delivered and the propriety denim finishing has to be done. Therefore, I believ e these costs should be rather situated as the batch-level costs in the cost hierarchy.Batch-level costs are believed to arise from activities performed once for each batch or lot of products Zimmerman 2011. Since the change-over costs need to be incurred every shipment, placing them at this level in the hierarchy seems reasonable. 2. It is clear that out front accepting the proposal several nonfinancial issues have to be considered in order of magnitude to crystallize a reasonable finality. First, the management should think how accepting the Gues Who offer would equal the relations with the other clients. Since Guess Who requires the jean Finishing Company not to offer the crabby type of finish to other customers, it is very the wish wells ofly that relations with other unassailables will worsen. The Denim Finishing Company has been cooperating with many companies for a long time. Therefore, those companies whitethorn dislike the fact that the new client receives the sp ecial treatment, while such benefits could not be observed in their case, even though they have been the customers for ages.Consequently, the Denim Finishing Companys reputation may shrink and furthermore the firm may lose some of its customers that it had long full term relations established with. Accepting the Guess Who offer, as mentioned before, would require the Denim Finishing Company to offer the indisputable time of finish exclusively to Guess Who. Hence, the firm would be prohibited from providing other companies with this table service. earlier making the close it should be analyzed if that could lead to potential losses in the future. For instance, although cooperating with Guess Who may be beneficial, the potential gains from offering that type of finish to other clients could be higher. If so, the Denim Finishing Company should rather provide the service to other firms. Naturally, before making such a decision it has to be fixed if other firms would require the De nim Finishing Company to offer the service exclusively to them, like it is the case for Guess Who. Offering exclusive service to one company may result in other companies (not only potential clients as mentioned in the previous paragraph, but also current ones) demands for exclusive treatment.If other clients, especially those who have been cooperating with the Denim Finishing Company for a long time, realize that it is achievable to receive such a special treatment, they would likely claim for it too, as it could give them a competitive advantage over other firms in their industry. Thus, the Denim Finishing Company would undoubtedly face a big problem. It theoretically could increase the prices for the firms that demand exclusive service, but it could lead to losing those clients. Accepting or declining the Guess Who offer may also result in potential conflicts within the firm that have to be considered. For instance, Bruce Farrand who is against the offer may be so mulish in def ending his point of view that if the offer is accepted, he will decide to terminate his employment.However, he might be so valuable for the company that the gains from the cooperation with Guess Who would not compensate for the think of added by Mr. Farrand. Moreover, some other conflicts could arise in the company after deciding either. Before making the decision it would also be recommended to analyze the potential make up ones mind the service offered to Guess Who could have on the machine. Since providing the finish would require constant and often retooling of the machine, it could negatively affect the lifetime of the machine. What is more, it is possible that the quality of services done by the machine would shrink because of those often changes. Hence, the satisfaction among clients could diminish and the high cost of purchasing new machine would have to be incurred soon. It also cannot be forgotten that the current demand exceeds the firms capacity and some of its clients already use services provided by other companies.Thus, if the Denim Finishing Companys has even less time for stonewashing, these clients can shift to competitors. Finally, it should be estimated what potential nonfinancial benefits could cooperating with Guess Who bring to the Denim Finishing Company. Guess Who is considered to be a company that offers innovative and premium products. Thus, being an important business partner of such a firm could have a positive impact on the Denim Finishing Companys reputation. Consequently, it could attract new clients and encourage more companies to encourage with the Denim Finishing Company. Moreover, successful cooperation with Guess Who Jeans could lead to extending the business relations with that company. For instance, it could outsource more of its production to the Denim Finishing Company.3. If I were Tom Corcoran, I would undoubtedly have a few questions for the controller. First, I would study more or less all the problems mentioned in the two previous questions. As mentioned before, I believe that Mrs. Bowser did not place the change-over costs at the right level in the cost hierarchy. Hence, I would like to foreshorten to know why she decided to treat them as product-sustaining costs, while there are a lot of arguments supporting the idea to treat them as batch-level costs. Furthermore, the cost driver elect by Mrs. Bowser is highly doubtful. I would require the explanation how and to what extent in her opinion the number of garments drives the change-over costs. Since I believe the number of garments is not the right cost driver, I would ask Mrs. Bowser for some other type of profitability analysis, such as the analysis presented in Appendix A. The analysis presented at the meeting by the controller could be misleading.both Exhibit 3 and Exhibit 4 present data that is in my opinion inaccurate. Moreover, as it was analyzed in the second question accepting or declining the offer could lead to multiple nonfin ancial outcomes that may play a significant role on the companys profitability. Hence, I would ask if such factors have been analyzed and if so, what possible impact they may have. I also believe that Tom Corcoran would be most interested in the total profit his company would have under both scenarios. Analyses presented at the meeting, as valuable as they might be, do not contain such information. For instance, they do not include the facility-sustaining costs that the Denim Finishing Company has to incur.Hence, it would be recommended to present Tom Corcoran with the yearly profit the firm may earn. Moreover, I would ask Mrs. Bowser intimately the accuracy of her assumptions in Exhibit 4. She estimates that the costs of the proprietary process, as well as the price paid by Guess Who Jeans will not change during the year. However, it may not necessarily be the case. The analysis relies on historical costs that may not be appropriate for the future estimations. Thus, I would like t o know if Mrs. Bowser took that aspect into account. Another question would regard the overhead rates of the batch- and unit-level costs. The rates were estimated when only stonewashing was done.However, accepting the offer from Guess Who Jeans would require retaining from using the machine for 600 hours. This could likely result in different overhead costs and consequently different overhead rates. The batch-level utility cost can be particularly problematic. It is set by the machine hours and as previously mentioned the machine is not used for 3 hours before and 3 hours after the shipment. Furthermore, the case makes it unclear whether drying is also performed by the Unit 4. The per-garment utilities cost includes 3 hours for washing and 3 hours for drying. However, when the change-over is undertaken, the washing is not performed, because the machine cannot be used. Therefore, during the change-over the utilities cost is possibly lower.This is especially important for the opportu nity cost analysis. Since the case is lacking information explaining the problem, if I were Tom Corcoran I would like to clarify it. Finally, I strongly believe that it would also be necessary to ask Mrs. Bowser about the facility-sustaining costs. Such costs are ignored in the controllers analysis. Nevertheless, they still affect the companys profitability. Hence, I would like to get to know how big those costs are. Moreover, the facility-sustaining costs could also be somehow influenced by the possible cooperation with Guess Who Jeans.For instance, the security or insurance costs could rise, since the service is supposed to be offered exclusively to that particular client. Therefore, the analysis of the capacity-sustaining costs would also be useful. To sum up, if I were Tom Corcoran I would have many doubts about the controllers analysis. I would probably ask her to prepare yet another presentation that includes my suggestions. However, if I were to make the decision, I probably would accept the Guess Who Jeans offer. The analysis in the Appendix A, although it does not include nonfinancial factors and may not properly reflect all the costs, clearly shows that such a scenario leads to change magnitude profits.4.Activity-based costing is undoubtedly a useful tool that could help the management to make the optimal decision. It is much more accurate that the traditional costing systems. Distinguishing unhomogeneous activities and determining cost drivers relating to them helps to more precisely allocate the costs. Using one cost driver for all the amount of the overhead could create the situation where the indirect costs are not really driven by the particular cost. For instance, although direct labor hours might to some extent determine the value of the overhead, the influence may only be partial, especially regarding certain products. Using various cost drivers for various activities largely eliminates this problem. What is more, selecting particular cost drivers for respective activities enables taxing certain activities. This internal tax system gives an incentive to reduce certain costs and therefore improve the companys efficiency. For instance, if machine labor hours are chosen as a driver for the production activity there is an impulse to lower the number of machine labor hours which consequently results in decreased value of overhead, lower costs and higher profits. Under Activity-Based Costing the share of costs allocated directly to the products increases.Thus, the company better understand where its overhead costs go to. It enables the firm to identify the products that are not profitable and undertake relevant actions, such as decreasing costs, raising the price or withdrawing the product. However, the cost hierarchy helps to make such decision regarding not only particular products, but also batches and product lines. This undoubtedly allows making decisions that are more profit-maximizing. Moreover, in the ABC the pract ical capacity is used. Therefore, it is possible to determine the unused capacity. Diminishing the unused capacity is definitely helpful in maximizing the profits of the company. Hence, Activity-Based Costing provides the management with the information necessary to make optimal decisions. To compare, the traditional costing systems do not give such a possibility.However, the ABC method also has some flaws that may result in making a non-optimal production decision. Some of those disadvantages could be observed in the previous questions. First, the system is believed to be complicated. As noticeable in the first question choosing the proper cost driver for the particular activity might be problematic. Selecting the wrong driver could lead to biased results and consequently the decision that is not profit-maximizing. Furthermore, trying to maintain the cost hierarchy may also be difficult, as shown in the example of Mrs. Bowser from the Denim Finish Company. The results when the cost s were determined as the batch-level where completely different than when they were analyzed to be product-level. Thus, such easily made mistakes could result in a non-optimal decision.Furthermore, as it could be seen in the second question Activity-Based Costing does not include any nonfinancial measures. Thus, even though pure financial values may show that a particular decision is profit-maximizing, it might not necessarily be the case. Other factors, such as e.g. loss of reputation could actually result in decreased profits. Finally, the ABC method requires gathering data from the whole company, often through interviews. Hence, there is a relatively big possibility that collected data is not utterly accurate. To sum up, the Activity-Based Costing method is quite reliable tool in making optimal production decisions, especially compared to the traditional costing systems.However, the system has to be carefully planned and implemented, because any mistakes could lead to inaccurate results. Choosing the wrong cost driver and improper assignment of the costs in the cost hierarchy may result in undesired errors. Furthermore, as useful as the ABC is, the management cannot rely solely on financial values provided by the method. Before making the decision all nonfinancial factors have to be considered. Only such a consideration combined with the information supplied by the properly knowing and applied Activity-Based Costing system can lead to the optimal production decision.

Perception of Time

We often brag about the technological and scientific developments of todays modern society and how we benefit from these advancements. The barriers that were once created because of the diversity in assimilation were brought down by the modern trend of globalization. Culture is societys main foundation that is deeply rooted in our native land. Culture is a broad term encompassing tradition, ways, and means of leaving, traits and value. Every individual belongs to a genuine cultivation to which he has to fit his activity, values, and attributes.Everyone is raised within the confinements of his or her own culture and brought up by principles, traditions, values, and traits which conform to the standards set by the culture that has long been intact in our society. The line of conflict between compassionates with regards to their culture starts when what is cultur wholey grateful to us may not be acceptable to others. Even science that we utilise to think is universal and adheres to generally accepted human principles is predominated with the culture of the batch from the western hemisphere (Bartholomew 36).Some behaviors that do not comply with the standards of a certain culture argon often remarked as an abnormality or deviance. Thus, crimson though science applies universal scientific principles, it is neer neutral in determining what is deviant or abnormal and what is not (Bartholomew 36). It target never rattling explain why several(prenominal) cultures do certain practices that are not culturally accepted in other countries. We used to separate behaviors and label them as normal, moral and legal. Other traits, practices and rituals that do not fit in what is accepted in our culture are recognized as otherwise.These activities reflect a persons overriding norms, values, and beliefs that he adheres to at a particular season and place (Bartholomew 36). The psychological aspect that is responsible for the discrepancies in peoples culture and how i t affects our perception is cultural relativism. Cultural relativism is a theory of knowledge that is responsible for the persons judgment on what is deemed as acceptable. This judgment is anchored to his or her beliefs, values, and attitudes that are shaped by the culture he or she was given over to (Bartholomew 37).Hence, the culture of individuals influences their perception on things around them. They view things according to their existing beliefs and values. Time is also perceived otherwise in many cultures. Individuals see term differently today than the people in the ultimo tense used to ages ago. Through the invention of time devices, the people of modern times are able to go after time by the hour, by the minute, by the second, and even by the m disappointmentisecond. Thus, the peoples perception of time molds them and their minds.The ancient people were only aware of the complete timethe night and day. They used to determine time by making interpretation of the cel estial and heavenly bodies. Through the use of these methods, humans also acquired an sagaciousness of the proximo. They perceived the future in terms of contingencies of cause and effect relationship. People were able to utilize their surround to develop a perception of time. Their ancient pin grass and calendars were the daily motion of the sun and moon, as well as the season changes (Falk n. ). In 1895, H. G. Wells confine, The Time Machine, was made available for the public. Wells fiction novel opens to people the curtain raising of traveling through time. The idea seemed impossible, but well-known Albert mind explained that attaining the ability or means to travel to the future or to the past is not incredible (Gott 8). Einstein proposed his theory fussy relativity in 1905, describing the possibility of time travel based on the description of how time is measured differently by moving and still reviewers.It is further strengthened by his mathematics professor Hermann M inowski, looking at time mathematically as the fourth dimension (Gott 8). With all the psychological differences explained by cultural relativism, the different perception of time in each culture and society, and the possibility to travel through time, a clear, if not precise, definition of perception of time can be attained. 2. 0 Sources Edwin A. Abbot in Flatland A Romance of Many Dimensions provides an overview of a two-dimensional world and guides his readers through some of the implications of life in two dimensions.Meanwhile, Robert Bartholomew, in his article Borderlands Deviance, Psychiatry and Cultural Relativism, explores the problem with cultural relativism, basically defined as the principle in which the belief of an individual is analyzed and interpreted in relation to the individuals own culture. Ray Bradbury in A Sound of Thunder warns us that traveling to the past can be dangerous. Antonio Damasio, in his article Remembering When explains the concept of mind time. Da n Falks Past, Present, Future PERCEPTIONS OF TIME THROUGH THE AGES presents differences in perceiving time through different ages.Richard J. Gott, in his account book Time Travel in Einsteins Universe The Physical Possibilities of Travel Through Time, discusses applications of time machine, wherein time travel is possible and how time travel can be explained in terms of physics and quantum mechanics. Dorinne K. Kondo in her article On Being a Conceptual Anomaly presents her experiences as a Japanese American woman. Robert Levine in A Geography of Time The Temporal Misadventures of a Social Psychologist analyzes what it means to live beyond time or by time event. Richard E. Nisbett in his book The Geography of Thought How Asians and Westerners Think Differently and Why confronts conjectures of well-known philosophers with a different take on human thought influenced by cultural ideologies and principles. The videotaped computer program Only Human presents few experiments which were created to control several(a) aspects of human behavior. The book How to Think About Weird Things Critical Thinking for a New mature by Theodore Schick, Jr. and Lewis Vaughn provides strange assertions and ideas abound in culture to illustrate the rational assessment of any claim.Finally, the videotaped program Time Travel shows that space is curved, time is relative, and time travel is theoretically possible. 3. 0 Results People live by the underlying rules and principles in the society where they belong. They adhere to the maxims and dogmas that establish long been in existence. They variety their everyday life according to these unwritten rules that governing the society. To conform to the traditional beliefs and values is to live harmoniously with the other people. People coexist in a society that must adapt and do what is culturally accepted to avoid being ostracized by the general public. . 1 Perception As mentioned earlier, cultural relativism explains the peoples diffe rences in perception. Peoples judgment differs from one another because they pattern things according to their cultural preferences. If something fits their criteria as prescribed by their culture, then it is acceptable for them. Standards set by culture create cultural diversity in the world. According to Richard Nisbett, Westerners and East Asians looked at things differently resulting in dissimilarities in understanding.This is due to the difference in environment, loving structures, philosophies, and educational background. In addition, it was discovered that Asian thought is holistic or a functional relationship of parts and the whole. They do not much aver on formal logic or categories. In comparison to the Westerners, people from the west mostly rely on formal logic to understand their behavior. In Dorinne Kondos article, On Being a Conceptual Anomaly, she relays her experiences upon conducting a research in Japan. She was raised as an American so she had a demanding time adjusting herself on the ways of living in Japan.This is because the Japanese perceive White people as different and offensive (Kondo 524). During the course of her stay in Japan, she had to learn their traditions, values, and most of all, their practices to be able to cope up with the new environment she was in. There came a point when she saw herself differently, not as the observer on the immersion she was doing but as part of the participants in her research. There is an existing dilemma brought by cultural relativism especially in the field of psychogenic health.Psychiatry is a branch of psychological science that deals with human behavior. Through psychiatry, we are able to find out if we have acquired any psychological disorders. tail end on the diagnoses on such behavioral disorders is human behavior only without in-depth consideration of the underlying social, cultural, and political circumstances that brought up such behavior (Bartholomew 38). Examining about the behavi or of peoples conformity to a group is discovering the power and influence of the majority in a certain society (Only Human n. p)Psychiatry can be considered as the most debatable branch of medicine. There is a necessary clarification on the term mental illness. Illness denotes an impairment or lesion on any bodys part. People who were diagnosed with mental illness do not have any injury, but only suffering living difficulties (Bartholomew 38). Based from the ideas discussed by Nisbett and Kondo, an American may experience difficulty adapting to an environment different from his usual environment and thitherfore may be tagged as mentally ill by the Japanese, or it could be the other way around.This just shows that there is an existing conflict brought about by cultural relativism. Due to the diversity of culture, there is no strong fundamental basis on what is a behavioral disorder. 3. 2 Time In a world where time is considered as a necessity while many of us try to squeeze in the tasks that we have to accomplish with the little time that we have, it is fascinating, and at the same time in-chief(postnominal), to learn how time was viewed and used through the course of human civilization. Across the centuries, humans have looked and treated time differently the way their ancestors used to perceive time.At present, there is an international standard of telling time and it is universal, for every nation adheres to that standard. Due to the rotation of the earth, people experience differences in timewhen it is day in the east, it is nighttime in the west. Humans have developed a biological clock or circadian rhythm based on the daily activities and life-style of a person. This clock is located in the hypothalamus of ones brain. This is responsible for how a persons body perceives time. For instance, it is nighttime in his or her biological clock if he or she feels tired and sleepy (Damasio 36).When the section of the brain that is highly important for learning and recalling new information is damaged, a major disturbance occurs in a persons innate ability to place events in a chronological sequence. This is what happens to amnesiacs or people suffering from amnesia. They lose the ability to estimate the exit of time in different scales (Damasio 36). Amnesia is a permanent damage on the brains hippocampus, a part of the brain essential to memory, and the temporal lobe, a region of the brain that serves as a two-way communication with the rest of the cerebral cortex.Damage in the hippocampus hinders the creation of new memories. Patients with an impaired hippocampus are known to have anterograde amnesia. They are unable to hold factual memories for longer than one minute. On the other hand, the amnesiacs that are unable to retrieve long-term memories are diagnosed with retrograde amnesia, which is characterized by an impaired in temporal lobe (Damasio 36). Amnesiacs do not have awareness of the correct time, which makes it difficult for them to place events in the advanced chronological order and store new factual memories.This deficiency greatly affects their way of living and their social interaction. The idea of time travel has not hedge the imaginative minds of people. In 1895, H. G. Wells published the book The Time Machine, which opened the idea of time travel to the public. The bid seemed so impossible but the physicist Einstein attempted to explain the possibility of such phenomenon through physics (Gott 8). In 1905, Einstein developed his theory of special relativity and explained how time is measured differently by still and moving objects.Einsteins mathematics professor Hermann Minowski expanded his theory and told that time could be treated mathematically as the universes fourth dimension (Gott 8). If their proposition is correct, their theory would allow humans to travel back in time or go forth to the future. However, Ray Bradbury stated the dangers of time travel to the past and the possible effec ts to the present once the course of history is altered. Hence, the events that happened in the past cannot be touched for it will greatly affect the current circumstances.3. 3 Perception of Time. Time is treated also differently in every culture. The differences in perception of things could be attributed to the cultural relativism aforementioned. Awareness of time is very important to humans. Today, we are paid by the hour and our daily routines are based on time. Our early ancestors utilized everything that can be found in their environment to be able to tell time. They used the daily motions of the moon and sun. Assuming an unconventional movement of the celestial bodies resulted in certain phenomena, they were able to perceive the future through a cause-and-effect relationship (Falk n. p).For example, the Babylonians had their way of foretelling events by means of hepatoscopy, which involves sacrificing a liver. They believed that through this ritual, the gods allow them to for esee the future (Schick and Vaughn 97). Different cultures developed various methods and devices to determine time. For instance, the Romans developed the calendar, which was by Pope Gregory XIII. The perception of time could also be considered necessary in ones cultural requirements. This is evident in the empires established in Latin America. These empires dictated how to regulate time in order to fix civil, agricultural, and religious dates.On the other hand, Muslims, maintain strict daily routine of punctual prayers to keep track of time (Falk n. p). Today, we treat time as inanimate, passing in a constant rate. We are all considered as slaves of time. We can never hasten up or slow down the passage of time. However, this was not the case for the Maya, as time is organic for them. According to the Mayas, time can be stretched, shrunk, or even overpowered by human activity. In fact, many cultures perceived time as organic in nature. In these cultures, time was told through human activities and not through the constraints of a clock or a calendar (Falk n. ). 4. 0 Discussion In light of the findings provided by the sources, the existence of various traditions, beliefs, and values anchored to their culture has created a disparity in peoples perception. People act in accordance to their culture and society where they live. Behavior and action against the frequent norms will be perceived by other people as a deviation or as a mental illness. This disparity in perception of right and wrong could be attributed to cultural relativism, or the difference in cultural beliefs and values. Throughout history, people have developed their perception of time.Our ancestors used conventional tools and devices to be able to tell time. Through the use of astrological components, they were able to acquire an understanding of the future events through cause-and-effect relationship by connecting a certain lunar or solar manifestation that resulted in certain events. Perception o f time greatly depends on the brains functioning. An impairment of certain regions of the brain responsible for holding and storing memories and sequencing events in a chronological order deeply affects an individuals perception of time. An example of this brain disorder is amnesia.Amnesiacs have an incorrect perception of time due to their ailment. The idea of time travel that seems unworkable was made theoretically possible by Einstein. In his theory of special relativity, he explained that the treating time as the universes fourth dimension can make time travel possible. Still, there are dangers in traveling back to the past because it may alter the course of events and the present situations. There is no universal perception of time. Time is perceived differently in various cultures. Some culture perceive it as inanimate, others treat it as organic that can be controlled by human activity.

The Future of Biopsychology-Obesity

NORTHCENTRAL UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Learner Consuela Kelly-Crisler THIS FORM MUST BE COMPLETELY FILLED IN Please Follow These Procedures If request by your mentor, use an assignment c everywhere sheet as the first page of the word processor file. Use headers to indicate your course code, assignment number, and your pull in on each page of the assignment/homework including this assignment c over sheet. . Keep a Photocopy or Electronic Copy Of Your Assignments You may admit to re-submit assignments if your mentor has indicated that you may or must do so.Academic Integrity All work submitted in each course must be the Learners own. This includes solely assignments, exams, term papers, and other projects required by the faculty mentor. The knowing submission of a nonher individuals work represented as that of the Learners without by rights citing the source of the work will be makeed plagiarism and will turn out in an unsatisfactory grade for the work submitted or for t he entire course, and may result in academic dismissal. PSY5106Dr. Nicol Moreland BiopsychologyAssignment 8 Faculty Use Only The Future of Biopsychology- fleshiness Consuela Kelly-CrislerNorthcentral University Biopsychology PSY5106 Dr. Nicol Moreland December 9, 2012 A mortal is catched rotund when his or her weight is 20% or to a greater extent above natural weight. The most common measure of corpulency is the body mass index or BMI. A person is considered weighed down if his or her BMI is between 25 and 29. 9 a person is considered pear-shaped if his or her BMI is over 30. Morbid obesity means that a person is any 50%-100% over normal weight, more than 100 pounds over normal weight, has a BMI of 40 or higher, or is sufficiently overweight to severely meddle with health or normal function (What is obesity? 2012). corpulency occurs when a person consumes more calories than he or she burns. For many commonwealth this boils down to swallow uping similarly much and exercis ing too little. But there are other factors that also play a role in obesity. People tend to deduce weight as they get older, even if they dont alter their eating habits. This is because the human metabolism slows down as we age. We dont pick up to take in as many calories as we employ to in order to maintain the same weight. Therefore, we store more of the food we take in as blubber. Women tend to be overweight more oft than men because men tend to burn calories at a higher rate (What is Obesity? 012). Obesity and thinness seems to possess a have a nature versus nurture component. If a patient ofs biological mother is heavy as an adult, there is well-nigh a 75% chance that she will be heavy. Likewise, the baberen of thin parents have a 75% chance of cosmos thin (What is Obesity? 2012). This doesnt mean that the child of obese parents has to be obese, though. Many find ways to keep the weight off. Genetics are important, but lifestyle extracts such as eating and exerci se habits are, too. Less active people tend to require little calories than more active people they dont regard as much fuel because theyre doing less work.Physical activity also causes the body to burn calories faster on average, and decreases appetence. People exercising less is prospect to be a pourboireing cause of obesity over the last 20 years. Psychological factors also put to work eating habits and obesity. Many people eat in response to negative emotions such as boredom, sadness, or anger. People who have difficulty with weight management may be facing more emotional and psychological issues about 30% of people who seek get acrossment for serious weight problems have difficulties with binge eating.During a binge-eating episode, people eat enormous amounts of food date feeling they cant control how much they are eating. (Obesity Facts, 2012) Obesity can be caused by illness, though people blame more cases of obesity on illness than is actually true. Illnesses sometim es responsible for obesity include hypothyroidism (poorly acting thyroid slows metabolism), depression, and some rare diseases of the brain that can lead to overeating. mixer factors, including poverty and a lower level of education, have been linked to obesity.One reason for this may be that high-calorie processed foods cost less and are easier to find and contrive than healthier foods, such as fresh vegetables and fruits. However, the link between low socioeconomic status and obesity has not been conclusively established, and recent obesity explore shows that childhood obesity, for instance, is also increasing among high-income groups. The best methods of obesity underwritement are forageing and physical exercise. Obese people should adjust their diet to reduce fat and sugar consumption, and increase dietary fiber.Anti-obesity drugs can also be effective in conjunction with a healthy diet, reducing ones appetite and/or fat absorption. about obese people require stomach or bo wel reduction surgery in order to lose weight. The smaller stomach allows them to consume less food and still feel full. Obesity is a leading worldwide cause of preventable death, and authorities view it as one of the most serious health problems of this century. While in some cultures, obesity is a sign of prosperity and childbearing, in the Western world, it is frequently viewed negatively.While whether to consider obesity as its own separate disease is a matter of some debate, it is certainly a factor in many physical and psychogenic ailments. Obesity is associated with angina, myocardial infarction and between 21 and 34% of ischemic heart disease, depending on which research you read. Body-mass index levels associated with obesity also double a persons risk of heart failure and deep-vein thrombosis and cause over 85% of cases of hypertension (five times the normal risk). Obesity is also associated with higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lower levels of H DL.Obesity also has a admixture of dermatological affects, including stretch marks, acanthosis nigricans, lymphedema, cellulitis, hirsutis and intertrigo (Bray, 2004). Obesity has also been shown to be linked with type 2 diabetes in 64% of cases in men and 77% of womens. Sixty percent of patients diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome are obese, as are six percent of the infertile. Obesity is related to many complications in pregancy, including hemorrhage, infection, increased hospital stays for the mother and increased NICU requirements for the infant.Obese women are twice as wish wellly to require a Cesarean section and are at a high risk of preterm births and low birth weight infants. Children born of obese women have a greater risk of anencephaly and spina bifida, cardiovascular anomalies, including septal anomalies, cleft lip and palate, anorectal malformation, limb reduction anomalies, and hydrocephaly (Haslam, 2005). Obese women have a nearly double risk of stroke compa red to normal-weight women, while men have twice as great a chance. Those who are obese have a rate of dementia 1. times greater than those of normal weight. Women obese at the age of eighteen have a greater than double chance of contracting multiple sclerosis. Obesity has also been shown to cause approximately five percent of cancers, including breast, ovarian, esophageal, colorectal, liver, pancreatic, gallbladder, stomach, endometrial, cervical, prostate, kidney, non-Hodgkins lymphoma and multiple myeloma (Bray, 2004). In addition to these physical effects, obese people are less likely to get married and make thousands less than their normal-weight counterparts, on average.Depression is also linked to obesity, though an increase in BMI has been linked to a decrease in the risk of suicide. Several studies suggest that many physicians treat obese patients differently. In a 1969 survey of physicians, obese patients were described as weak-willed, ugly, awkward, and self-indulgent. I n a more recent physician survey, one of three doctors demote tongue to they respond negatively to obesity, behind three other diagnostic/social categories drug addiction, alcoholism, and mental illness. A comparable study found that two-thirds of doctors believe obese patients lack self-control, and 39 percent feel they are lazy.Two studies of nurses showed similar results. These attitudes carry over into the work world, where a job or a promotion is lots denied simply because of how much one weighs. Obesity research and treatment is a very provocative subject. A 2011 article in the Journal of the American medical examination Association proposes that states consider removing obese children above the 99th percentile from their homes. The author views temporary foster care as part of the remedy for childhood obesity by providing an environment where the children would be exposed to proper nutrition and activity levels.During the separation period, the parents could also be educa ted on the best ways to assist their child in coping with their issue. Due to the relationship between obesity and low income (low income families cant easily afford nutritious food, and low earners are often distracted from their family issues, whether by a second job, or by concerns like drug or alcohol abuse) and education (low income families usually arent as educated, which bleeds over into health issues like obesity) this solution seems severe but grounded in science.Detractors point out that the home environment is only one contributing factor to obesity, and that a childs obesity isnt automatically considered abuse under the law. They cite studies showing that children get more of their food away from home, limiting the influence of even educated and involved parents. Also, neither the potential effectiveness of the proposal in terms of reducing obesity or the potential harm to the family social unit caused by the removal have been substantiated. Psychological damage could in fact be inflicted, twain to the parents and child, by causing them to feel at fault for the obesity.This could lead to self-esteem issues, depression and more. This is without even taking into consideration the harm done by taking a child away from his or her parents, even on a temporary basis. Another treatment, as novel as the last if not as heavy-handed, is the potential for virtual-reality treatment of obesity. Virtual reality, also being used to treat psychological disorders like anxiety and addiction, allows clinicians to offer exposure therapy in the comforts of their own offices without the problems sometimes posed by actual exposure.The benefit to the patient comes from being in a safe environment where they can let themselves connect emotionally with the treatment. Virtual reality has already been shown to induce a variety of controlled transfers in the body, to include the sensation of a fake limb or an out of body experience. Researchers have even used virtual reali ty to give male subjects the feeling of being in a female body. From this point, its only a small leap to giving an obese person the sensation of being in a a normal-weight body.In one experiment, scientists discovered the neural systems involved in VR improvement of body image. This, combined with an adaptation of therapy used to treat post-traumatic tension disorder, is being used the help patients identify and change habits contributing to eating disorders and obesity. The first twenty minutes of the VR sessions are used for the therapist to get an intellectual of the patients concerns and experiences related to food. The patient does most of the talking, while the therapist guides the session. The second twenty minutes are devoted to the actual VR session.The simulation can create a number of environments, like a classroom, apartment, or pub, to recreate some of the experiences the patient detailed to the therapist. The simulation also includes a body-image room, where the pat ient can create an ensample VR body and compare it to their real one. The last twenty minutes are used to discuss the patients VR experience. In terms of ethical considerations, the first needs to be how much the government, communities and families are obligated to ensuring obese people get the treatment they need.It is very easy to dismiss obese people as having done it to themselves, since many cases could simply be prevented by eating better and exercising more. Mental illnesses are, by and large, viewed differently by much of the public than physical ailments. A person who three-fold in size due to a war injury that prevented them from exercising, for instance, would likely garner more sympathy than a person who simply doubled in size because they went to McDonalds four times a week. This, of course, influences the discussion on how much the government should be obligated to pay for medical care of the obese.Much like the arguments against smokers being covered by public assi stance against the effects of their bad habit, a case can be made for whether tax dollars should pay for an obese persons weight-reduction surgery or triple bypass. While the legitimacy of these concerns can probably never be agreed upon yet by the majority, the governments responsibility to educate people on preventative measures and healthy choices cannot be minimized, and the effects of those programs should not be overlooked.Some scientists acknowledge the responsibility of the obese for their conditions, but believe that it should only be a treatment focus if it did not harm the patients mental health. Those scientists also take issue with the public opinion stigma against obese people, due to the additional gist it places on patients. In the Western world especially, obese people are often considered lazy, overeaters or both. It is not ethical to assume this is true in all cases, those researchers say, and not ethical to create policy or legislation based on those assumptions , either.Those assumptions can only be used positively in the plastic of preventative suggestions (anyone will benefit from more exercise and better eating, obese or not, so its acceptable to suggest them to everyone). Another consideration is what obese patients themselves consider acceptable in terms of treatment. Studies sow that obese adults prefer interventions that are non-commercial, dont fall back on common stereotypes and promote lifestyle changes (health initiatives and exercise) rather than simpleton weight loss (dieting, bariatric surgery).Care should be taken to ensure that treatment of obese patients does not impact their mental health negatively, by reinforcing social stigmas, negative self-image, lend disregard for the positive social and cultural aspects of eating, disregarding the patients privacy and personal freedom in decision-making. One model, the Nuffield Council on Bioethics stewardship model of public health, recommends public programs that do not attempt to coerce adults to lead healthy lives, minimize introduction of interventions with-out consent and minimize interventions that are unduly intrusive and in con? ct with personal values. The stewardship model also incorporates an intervention ladder, ranging from no intervention to eliminating choice altogether. Eliminating choice, under this model, would be reserved for serious public health issues, such as an infectious patient requiring quarantine in order to ensure the safety of the general populationsomething obviously more serious than an obese patient. Restricting choice would take the form of removing unhealthy ingredients or foods from stores and restaurants (as in the recent limit on the size of fountain drinks in New York City).Guiding through disincentives or incentives is on another level of the spectrum, by making it not worth a persons effort to do something, or vice versahigher medical insurance premiums for obese people who are doing it to themselves, for example. I t is a model that clearly illustrates ways in which the government can support public health without becoming overbearing and infringing on peoples rights. In summary, obesity is a major public health issue with far reaching consequences to a fair majority of the population. It is detrimental to those who suffer from it, both mentally and physically.Its physical effects are literally a head-to-toe list of increases risks of illness and injuries. Its mental effects include damage to patients self-image, which can bleed over into how the patient deals with work, social situations, parenting and every other aspect of life. There are numerous factors involved in an obese persons condition genetics, upbringing, cultural values and mores, keep environment and socio-economics. Some people become obese due to pre-existing medical concerns, while others achieve the condition by eating the wrong things and not exercising enough.Once they do reach an obesity-qualifying body-mass index level, they can expect (in the Western world, at least), they can be expected to be held responsible for their condition no matter how it was reached, and to be treated differently simply because theyre not at a normal weight. Treatments for obesity range from the tried-and-true to the newfangled and from therapeutic to overbearing, with varying degrees of efficacy. Some involve the government, while others simply a life coach, dietician or trainer. Opinions on how to handle obesity fall at varying points on a wide spectrum.The most logical source of information on how obese people should be treatedobese people themselvestend to prefer an overture that helps them change their lives as a whole in order to lose weight and prevent harmful behaviors, rather than one that consists merely of a change in diet with no measures against become obese again at a later date. The ethical concerns in treating obesity include how to best treat obesity without making the patient feel worse about their pro blem and how much responsibility should be borne by someone other than the obese person themselves (i. . , the government). Future treatments for obesity may very well take a more holistic approach rather than simply tackling the separate components of diet and exercise. Scientists have taken steps toward mapping the areas of the brain involved with impulse control and self-image, and developing ways of modifying behaviors using this information may prove useful in stemming the tide. Similar discoveries may fuel new ways of educating people on how to prevent obesity in the future as well, rather than only ways of reversing it after the fact.And of course, the more understanding we have of obesity and its causes, the more tolerant and accepting we should become as a whole towards people suffering from it. References What is Obesity? (2012) Retrieved December 7, 2012, from http//www. webmd. com/diet/what-is-obesity Bray GA (2004). Medical consequences of obesity. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. Haslam DW, James WP (2005). Obesity. Lancet Childhood Obesity Prevention. (2012). In Root Cause. Retrieved October 14, 2012, from http//rootcause. org/childhood-obesity-preventionObesity Facts, Causes, Emotional Aspects and When to Seek Help. (2012). In WebMD. Retrieved October 14, 2012, from http//www. webmd. com/diet/what-is-obesity? page=2 Pinel, J. P. J. (2009). Biopsychology (7th ed. ). Boston, MA Allyn and Bacon Hahler B (June 2006). An overview of dermatological conditions commonly associated with the obese patient. Arendas K, Qiu Q, Gruslin A (June 2008). Obesity in pregnancy pre-conceptional to postpartum consequences. Calle EE, Rodriguez C, Walker-Thurmond K, Thun MJ (April 2003). Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U. S. adults. Relationship Between Poverty and Overweight or Obesity. Retrieved December 7, 2012, from http//frac. org/initiatives/hunger-and-obesity/are-low-income-people-at-greater-risk-for-overweight-or- obesity/ Meetoo D. The imperative of human obesity an ethical reflection. Br J Nurs 2010 19 5638. Nuffield Council on Bioethics. Public health ethical issues. London Nuffield Council on Bioethics 2007. Available at http//www. nuffieldbioethics. org/public-health (Cited 9 December 2011).

Analysis of “The Tide Rises, the Tide Falls” & “Nature”

Longfellows Eloquent Approach to Death Analysis of Death in Two Poems Death is an uneasy topic to smatter about and causes nearly everyone to have negative feelings for it. Although it is inevitable and also an alpha part of life, people try to avoid the topic altogether because it gives them discomfort. Because it is such an important subject, one must break the awkward silence and address the topic. Longfellow draws last seem like a natural thing which must come to every last(predicate) living things through his rich comparisons to nature and ordinary life.In The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls he comp ars the continuous rising and falling of tides to a nameless traveler, and in his poem, Nature he compares nature and humans as the relationship between a strict get down and her pincer. In Longfellows poem, The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls he fluently articulates the differences between tides and a nameless traveler. Symbolically, the tides represent the continuous cycle of life an d the traveler just represents every single human being in the existence.The emphasis on The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls at the end of each stanza shows that no matter what happens in an individuals life, life in general and the tides are just going to go on without a single care about the world (5). Additionally, Longfellow gives the traveler no descriptive identity and only labels him as The Traveler (4). Because of the word choice, it further shows how unimportant a single person is in the grand scheme of things. Furthermore, there is a distinctive contrasting spot end-to-end the poem.In many places, Longfellow incorporates light and dark settings into the poem. For example, when darkness settles, the sea in the darkness Efface the footprints in the sands (7-9). The footprints that were in the sand were left by the traveler, and by effectively removing them, it clearly shows that the travelers presence is forever forgotten at the beach. Additionally because the traveler nevermo re returns to the shore, it is impossible for him to retrace his journey and imprint his footsteps formerly over again.In essence, the traveler is dead and the tide continues on its duty with disregard for the travelers absence. In contrast, Longfellow makes the connection between life and light. For example, after the tide erases the travelers footsteps, The morning breaksthe steed in their stalls Stamp and neigh as the hostler calls (11-12). Because it is morning again, life ensues and the daily activities of another(prenominal) nameless human being starts the cycle all over again since day and night alternate.Basically, Longfellow uses the seemingly peaceful comparison between the tide and traveler to mark that death is inevitable and that one must accept it because the world will not stop rotating just because of a death of a human. The second poem is called Nature and it involves the role play of death and life as a strict mother and her child. The poems comparison sheds li ght on the harsh reality that all humans will inevitably agree their end someday. Symbolically, the mother represents mother nature and the child is any type of living thing.The poem starts off by stating the mother is trying to get her child to go to eternal rest with a certain degree of difficulty. The child is half willing, half reluctant to be led and is unwilling to leave his broken playthings on the floor (3-4). From these two lines of the poem, it is evident that the child is conflicted because it is unsure whether to stay with his materialistic comforts or to be led by his mother to go to sleep which is a strange experience to him. This can be compared to how humans view death as a strange and unknown thing.Being human, it is understandable that they are hesitating to even consider the possibility of death. Additionally, Longfellow describes the childs playthings as broken which brings out the fact that they are old and damaged, which can be compared to someone who is on t he verge of death (4). From this, the conclusion can be drawn that the child is unsure whether to follow his mother into an unknown world or to stay with what has given him comfort throughout his life. In addition, Longfellow also states that this new experience may not give the child as much pleasure as his materialistic things.Realistically, Longfellow is trying to emphasize that death is a very controversial topic and it is natural for humans to be weary and hard-pressed about it. In the third stanza, Longfellow states that nature deals with the worried feelings towards death by taking away our playthings one by one, and by the hand Leads us to rest so gently (10-11). From these two lines, Longfellow states that in ball club for humans to be convinced to take the risk of leaving their materialistic comforts, mother nature must gradually take them away.Because humans lose what they recognise so gradually, they go Scarce knowing if (they) wish to go or stay in bed (11-12). By do ing this, mother nature effectively decreases the tally of animosity and tension between humans and death by allowing humans to enjoy themselves while they still can. However, all good things must come to an end and eventually, the older the human, the weaker he gets. With the added weakness and lack of things he can do, since mother nature has taken them away, death may seem as a unspoilt solution in comparison to ones current life.Through this poem, Longfellow, with the use of personification, successfully changes societies outlook on death from a scary, sudden process into one that is gradual and has a touch of motherly tenderness. Being a renowned writer, Longfellow has the ability to craft his words to best capture the meaning of his idea. In this case, he gives the reader another outlook on a very scary topic, death. Through the use of his highly descriptive comparisons between nature and ordinary life, he is able to make death seem like a natural stage of human life and tha t humans should not think about it so much because mother nature will take care of it.

Data Warehouses & Data Mining

DATA WAREHOUSES & DATA MINING Term-Paper In Management game System pic Submitted BySubmitted To Chitransh NamanAnita Maam A22-JK903Lecturer 10900100MSS ABSTRACT - Collection of corporate, subject-oriented, time-variant and non-volatile information in support of managements decision making function. Described as the single point of truth, the corporate memory, the resole historical register of virtu tot solelyyy in all transactions that occur in the life of an organization.A fundamental concept of a entropy store is the distinction amid info and information. info is composed of observable and recordable positions that are often found in practicable or transactional systems. At Rutgers, these systems include the registrars information on students (widely known as the SRDB), human resource and payroll entropybases, course scheduling selective information, and selective information on financial aid. In a info wareho subprogram environment, data tho comes to operate o n value to end-users when it is organized and presented as information.Information is an integrated collection of facts and is used as the basis for decision-making. For example, an academic unit needs to have diachronic information about its extent of instructional output of its different faculty members to gauge if it is becoming more(prenominal) or less reliant on part-time faculty. pic INTRODUCTION - The data store is always a physically separate store of data transformed from the application data found in the operative environment. Data entering the data store comes from operational environment in almost every case.Data wareho using provides architectures and tools for business executives to syste-matically organize ,understand ,and use their data to make stra acceptic decisions. A large number of organizations have found that data warehouse systems are valuable tools in todays competive,fast-evolving world. In the last several(prenominal) years ,many firms have spent milli ons of dollars in building enterprise wide data warehouses. Many people feel that with competition mount in every industry ,data warehousing is the latest must have marketing weapon a way to keep customers by learning more about their needs.Data warehouses have been defined in many ways,making it difficult to formulate a rigorous definition. Loosely speaking , a data warehouse refers to a database that is maintened separately from an organization,s operational databases. Data warehouse systems allow for integration of a variety of applications systems . They support information processing by providing a solid computer program of consolidated historical data for abstract. Data warehousing is a more formalised methodology of these techniques.For example, many sales analysis systems and executive information systems (EIS) get their data from summary files rather then operational transaction files. The method of using summary files instead of operational data is in essence what data warehousing is allabout. Some data warehousing tools neglect the importance of modelling and building a datawarehouse and focus on the storage and retrieval of data only. These tools efficacy havestrong uninflected facilities, but lack the qualities you need to build and maintain a corporatewide data warehouse.These tools belong on the PC rather than the host. Your corporate wide (or element wide) data warehouse needs to be scalable, secure, openand, above all, suitable for publication. NEED OF DATA WAREHOUSE - Missing data Decision support requires historical data which operational DBs do not typically maintain Data Consolidation DS requires consolidation (aggregation, summarization) of data from heterogeneous sources operational DBs, external sources Data note Different sources typically use inconsistent data representations, codes and formats which have to be reconciled. pic DATA WAREHOUSE ARCHITECTURE - pic Components - OPERATIONAL DATA WAREHOUSE ( for the DW is supplied f rom mainframe operational data held in first generation hierarchical and ne cardinalrk databases, departmental data held in proprietary file systems, hidden data held on workstaions and private serves and external systems such as the Internet, commercially procurable DB, or DB assoicated with and organizations suppliers or customers OPERATIONAL DATABASE( is a repository of current and integrated operational data used for analysis.It is often structured and supplied with data in the same way as the data warehouse, but may in fact simply act as a staging area for data to be moved into the warehouse LOAD MANAGER ( also called the frontend component, it performance all the operations associated with the declivity and loading of data into the warehouse. These operations include simple transformations of the data to prepare the data for entry into the warehouse WAREHOUSE MANAGER ( performs all the operations associated with the management of the data in the warehouse. The operations performed by this component include analysis of data to ensure consistency, transformation and merging of source data, origination of indexes and views, generation of denormalizations and aggregations, and archiving and backing-up data. QUERY MANAGER( also called backend component, it performs all the operations associated with the management of user queries.The operations performed by this component include directing queries to the appropriate tables and scheduling the writ of execution of queries. . END-USER ACCESS TOOLS( can be categorized into five main groups data reporting and query tools, application development tools, executive information system (EIS) tools, online analytical processing (OLAP) tools, and data mining tools. DATA MART - It is a subset of a data warehouse that supports the requirements of particular department or business function.The characteristics that differentiate data marts and data warehouses include a data mart focuses on only the requirements of users associated with one department or business function as data marts match less data compared with data warehouses, data marts are more easily understood and navigated data marts do not ordinarily contain detailed operational data, unlike data warehouse. pic META DATA- Metadata is about controlling the quality of data entering the data stream. Batch processes can be run to address data degradation or changes to data policy. Metadata policies are enhance by using metadata repositories. IMPORTANCE OF META DATA - The integration of meta-data, that is data about data Meta-data is used for a variety of purposes and the management of it is a critical issue in achieving a fully integrated data warehouse The major purpose of meta-data is to show the path back to where the data began, so that the warehouse administrators know the history of any item in the warehouse The meta-data associated with data transformation and loading must specify the source data and any changes that wer e made to the data The meta-data associated with data management describes the data as it is stored in the warehouse The meta-data is required by the query animal trainer to generate appropriate queries, also is associated with the user of queries The major integration issue is how to synchronize the various types of meta-data use throughout the data warehouse. The challenge is to synchronize meta-data betwixt different products from different vendors using different meta-data stores Two major standards for meta-data and modeling in the areas of data warehousing and component- base development-MDC(Meta Data Coalition) and OMG(Object Management Group) a data warehouse requires tools to support the administration and management of such complex enviroment. for the various types of meta-data and the day-to-day operations of the data warehouse, the administration and management tools must be capable of sustenance those tasks monitoring data loading from multiple sources data qu ality and integrity checks managing and updating meta-data monitoring database performance to ensure efficient query response measure and resource utilization. pic pic DATA WAREHOUSING PROCESSES - The process of extracting data from source systems and bring it into the data warehouse is commonly called ELT, which stands for extraction, transformation, and loading. In addition, after the data warehouse (detailed data) is created, several data warehousing processes that are relevant to implementing and using the data warehouse are needed, which include data summarization, data warehouse maintenance. Extraction in Data Warehouse -Extraction is the operation of extracting data from a source system for future use in a data warehouseenvironment. This is the first step of the ETL process. After extraction, data can be transformed and loaded into the data warehouse. Extraction process does not need involve complex algebraic database operations, such as link up and aggregate functions. I ts focus is determining which data needs to be extracted, and bring the data into the data warehouse, specifically, to the staging area. The data has to be extracted normally not only once, but several times in a periodic manner to supply all changed data to the data warehouse and keep it up-to-date.Thus, data extraction is not only used in the process of building the data warehouse, but also in the process of maintaining the data warehouse. Every often, entire documents or tables from the data sources are extracted to the data warehouse or staging area, and the data completely contain whole information from the data sources. There are two kinds of logic extraction methods in data warehousing. Full Extraction - The data is extracted completely from the data sources. As this extraction reflects all the data currently available on the data source, there is no need to keep track of changes to the data source since the last successful extraction. The source data will be provided as-is a nd no additional logic information is necessary on the source site. Incremental Extraction -At a specific point in time, only the data that has changed since a well-defined event back in history will be extracted. The event may be the last time of extraction or a more complex business event like the last sale day of a fiscal period. This information can be all provided by the source data itself, or a change table where an appropriate additional mechanism keeps track of the changes besides the originating transaction. in most case, using the latter method means adding extraction logic to the data source. For the independence of data sources, many data warehouses do not use any change-capture technique as part of the extraction process, instead, use full extraction logic.After full extracting, the entire extracted data from the data sources can be compared with the previous extracted data to discern the changed data. Unfortunately, for many source systems, identifying the recently m odified data may be difficult or intrusive to the operation of the data source. Change Data curb is typically the most challenging technical issue in data extraction. pic DATA MINING - Data taplaying is the process of discovering reinvigorated correlations, patterns, and trends by withdraw into (mining) large amounts of data stored in warehouses, using artificial intelligence, statistical and mathematical techniques. Data mining can also be defined as the process of extracting knowledge hidden from large volumes of raw data i. e. he nontrivial extraction of implicit, previously unknown, and potentially useful information from data. The alternative name of Data Mining is Knowledge discovery (mining) in databases (KDD), knowledge extraction, data/pattern analysis, etc. The importance of collecting data thai reflect your business or scientific activities to achieve competitive advantage is widely recognized now. Powerful systems for collecting data and managing it in large databas es are in place in all large and mid-range companies. pic How Data Mining Works - While large-scale information technology has been evolving separate transaction and analytical systems, data mining provides the link betwixt the two.Data mining software take aparts relationships and patterns in stored transaction data based on open-ended user queries. Several types of analytical software are available statistical, mould learning, and neural networks. Generally, any of four types of relationships are sought Classes Stored data is used to locate data in predeter exploit groups. For example, a restaurant chain could mine customer purchase data to determine when customers visit and what they typically order. This information could be used to increase traffic by having daily specials. Clusters Data items are grouped according to logical relationships or consumer preferences. For example, data can be mined to identify market segments or consumer affinities.Associations Data can be mined to identify associations. The beer-diaper example is an example of associative mining. Sequential patterns Data is mined to anticipate behavior patterns and trends. For example, an otitdoor equipment retailer could predict the likelihood of a backpack beingness purchased based on a consumers purchase of sleeping bags and hiking shoes. DATA MINING MODELS - 1. Predictive Model Prediction a. determining how certain attributes will behave in the future Regression b. mapping of data item to real valued prediction variable Classification c. categorization of data based on combinations of attributes sequence Series analysis xamining values of attributes with respect to time 2. Descriptive Model Clustering most closely data clubbed together into clusters Data Summarization extracting legate information about database Association Rules associativity defined between data items to form relationship Sequence Discovery it is used to determine sequential patterns in data based on time sequenc e of action pic APPLICATIONS OF DATA WAREHOUSE - Exploiting Data for Business Decisions The value of a decision support system depends on its ability to provide the decision-maker with relevant information that can be acted upon at an appropriate time. This means that the information needs to be Applicable.The information must be current, pertinent to the field of interest and at the correct level of detail to highlight any potential issues or benefits. Conclusive. The information must be fitted for the decision-maker to derive actions that will bring benefit to the organisation. Timely. The information must be available in a time frame that allows decisions to be effective. Decision Support through Data Warehousing One approach to creating a decision support system is to implement a data warehouse, which integrates existing sources of data with complaisant data analysis techniques. An organisations data sources are typically departmental or functional databases that have evolved to service specific and localised requirements.Integrating such highly focussed resources for decision support at the enterprise level requires the addition of other functional capabilities Fast query handling. Data sources are normally optimised for data storage and processing, not for their speed of response to queries. Increased data depth. Many business conclusions are based on the comparison of current data with historical data. Data sources are normally focussed on the present and so lack this depth. Business language support. The decision-maker will typically have a background in business or management, not in database programming. It is important that such a person can request information using voice communication and not syntax. picThe proliferation of data warehouses is highlighted by the customer loyalty schemes that are now run by many leading retailers and airlines. These schemes illustrate the potential of the data warehouse for micromarketing and profitability calcul ations, but there are other applications of equal value, such as Stock control Product category management Basket analysis Fraud analysis All of these applications offer a direct payback to the customer by facilitating the identification of areas that require attention. This payback, especially in the fields of imposter analysis and stock control, can be of high and immediate value. APPLICATIONS OF DATA MINING- Banking loan/credit card approval predict good customers based on old customers Customer relationship management identify those who are likely to leave for a competitor. Targeted marketing identify likely responders to promotions Fraud catching telecommunications, financial transactions from an online stream of event identify fraudulent events Manufacturing and production automatically adjust knobs when process parameter changes Medicine disease outcome, effectiveness of treatments analyze patient disease history find relationship between diseases Molecular/Phar maceutical identify new drugs Scientific data analysis identify new galaxies by searching for sub clusters Web site/store design and promotion find affinity of visitor to pages and modify layout. pic CONCLUSION - What we are eyesight is two-fold depending on the retailers strategy 1) Most retailers build data warehouses to target specific markets and customer segments. Theyre trying to know their customers. It all starts with CDI customer data integration. By beginning with CDI, the retailers can build the DW around the customer. 2) On the other side there are retailers who have no idea who their customers are, or feel they dont need to. the world is their customer and low prices will keep the worldloyal. They use their data warehouse to control inventory and negotiate with suppliers.The future will bring real time data warehouse updateswith the ability to give the retailer an minute to minute view of what is going on in a retail locationand take action either manually or th rough a condition triggered by the data warehouse data The future belongs to those who 1) take in knowledge of the Customer and 2) Effectively use that knowledge REFERENCES - 1. Mining interesting knowledge from weblogs a survey Federico Michele Facca, Pier Luca lanzi. http//software. techrepublic. com. com/abstract. aspx http//en. wikipedia. org/ http//msdn. microsoft. com/ Google Books Google Images Google Search www. seminarprojects. com Self =========================================================

Educating Rita

New experiences often occur in the transition of plan of attack into the existence. wad in rules of order learn to experience growth and cope with transmit in the land and themselves. Willy Russells convey Educating Rita, questions different pathways in the midst of the deuce protagonists, wiener and Rita and there overture into the human macrocosm journey. In the lend Willy Russell uses visual techniques such as positioning, colouring, facial formulation, and symbols. The use of these techniques has allowed the composer to portray a wear understanding of the play Educating Rita and how it repre directs the message of advent into the world. write an essay quickly One of the main themes in Educating Rita is sort. Rita takes to move into a different world from where she grew up in. At the ascendent of the play the audience comes to understand Rita lurchs her name from Susanne to Rita. This is significant as it shows an indication that she insufficiencys to transfo rm herself, leaving her noncurrent behind her. click thus far becomes awkward with the idea of being the mechanism of Ritas change. The theme change is represented in the positioning of the two protagonists as it signifies both free-spoken and Rita as climax into the world.The positioning of the founts shows stamp standing over Rita, distinctively reflecting the ascendancy of domestic dog as he is the professor and the excitement of Rita, as she is get an education she is decision herself See I dont wanna a baby yet. See, I wanna discover myself first. (Act sensation Pg. 12) This shows Rita culmination into the world as her transition of be approach educated helps her discover herself. uncivil however has many questions, what can I apprize you? (Act adept Pg. 3) This displays Frank without authority as he is asking Rita what she wants to learn, heart that even though Frank is educated it does non mean he has all the answers. The colouring of the visual schoolbo okbook excessively attain the theme of change reveals a sense of orgasm into the world as it shows Rita wearing blue, a bright coloured shirt, which shows the passion for her education. This relates to her experiences approach into the world as Rita has experienced biography without an education and is now go educated through help and knowledge of her professor Frank, she has come to terms with ever-changing the outside you alike study to change the inside. But if you want to change y micturate to do it from the inside, dont y? Know, like Im doin. (Act one Pg. 11 This shows Rita absent to change. Frank however is wearing a formal suit, dark and professional colours which demonstrate to the audience that the sign being visualised is different to what his record is. This is withal showing that although Frank is dressed professionally he is s bowl a drunk. Frank is teaching method because he has to not because he wants to. This shows how his passion is not there. Frank d oes not experience a positive change end-to-end the play. He becomes less sober and more(prenominal) pig headed Rita Do y need the money?Frank I do as a matter of fact. (Act one Pg. 4). Franks therefor is depict that he is teaching Rita for the money, although Rita knows this she does not make mind to it as she is getting an education she is happy. This shows both Frank and Rita coming into the world. Another theme that is relevant and used throughout the play to demonstrate into the world is Social change. Rita feels as though she is socially disadvantaged as she is not educated with her working gradation neighbourhood. Her whole self-importance for an education was when her save Denny, wanted to have a baby and she was looking for for a better way of livin me life. The use of facial expression is used in the visual text to portray feeling and a sense of understanding. Rita looking up at Frank shows her wanting him to understand how lots she wants an education. This shows Rita maturing as a working split up citizen. Rita But I had a choice. I chose me. Because of what youd given me I had a choice. ( Act two Pg. 72) This quote shows Ritas transition of coming into the world. Franks facial expression is less enthusiastic. It shows him holding a book, portraying that Frank wants Rita to learn herself, backing up the play when he says he does not want to be the mould to Ritas change.Although Frank understands Rita wants an education he does not understand why she wants one now. Frank But I dont know what I want to tell you, Rita, I dont know what I want to teach you. What you already have is valuable. (Scene 1 Pg. 48). This shows Franks confusion towards Rita. Choices and consequences is another theme used in the play Educating Rita to show the transition of Frank and Rita coming into the world. Ritas motivation is to deliver the goods a direction in which she wants her life to follow. Ritas main choice of an education is so she can catch up with mo re sure choices. Frank is also having to make choices too.Rita decides for Frank that he is teaching her and that he is to return next week. Frank feels as though he has laboured Rita into losing her touch with split of herself which were unique and precious. Franks life is unsatisfying for him but unlike Rita he choses to do nothing about(predicate) it. It is this choice he makes into him being sent to Australia at the end of the play. The use of symbols used in the visual text is used to demonstrate an understanding of the world around the two protagonists, Frank and Rita. The window is set behind the two characters but is significant as it is referred to a lot in the play.Rita always looking out of the window to the educated tell of people sitting on the grass gives a certainty of her need to escape and to become educated. Frank however wont give up drinking. He always has an alcoholic drink with him this shows he has a problem. Although Rita uses the window to escape, Fra nk uses it as a deception. He does not want to change he is satisfied with how he is. Frank does not accept change from choices that have been made. Frank No youve found a different song, thats all- and on your lips its shrill and hollow and tuneless. (Act two. Pg. 9) This quote showing the audience that Frank still has not changed from his morbid character at the beginning of the play till now. The visual text reveals Rita as an enthusiastic student who wants an education to change her life and her past choices. The text also reveals Frank of his consequences. Frank not being able to stay sober does not allow him to experience change throughout the transition of coming into the world, to his fullest potential. Into the world discusses change and experiences throughout ones life.. The play Educating Rita mostly supports this.Educating RitaNew experiences often occur in the transition of coming into the world. People in society learn to experience growth and cope with change in the w orld and themselves. Willy Russells play Educating Rita, demonstrates different pathways between the two protagonists, Frank and Rita and there coming into the world journey. In the play Willy Russell uses visual techniques such as positioning, colouring, facial expression, and symbols. The use of these techniques has allowed the composer to portray a better understanding of the play Educating Rita and how it represents the message of coming into the world. write an essay quickly One of the main themes in Educating Rita is change. Rita wants to move into a different world from where she grew up in. At the beginning of the play the audience comes to understand Rita changes her name from Susanne to Rita. This is significant as it shows an indication that she wants to transform herself, leaving her past behind her. Frank however becomes uncomfortable with the idea of being the mechanism of Ritas change. The theme change is represented in the positioning of the two protagonists as it si gnifies both Frank and Rita as coming into the world.The positioning of the characters shows Frank standing over Rita, distinctively reflecting the authority of Frank as he is the professor and the enthusiasm of Rita, as she is getting an education she is finding herself See I dont wanna a baby yet. See, I wanna discover myself first. (Act one Pg. 12) This shows Rita coming into the world as her transition of becoming educated helps her discover herself. Frank however has many questions, what can I teach you? (Act one Pg. 3) This displays Frank without authority as he is asking Rita what she wants to learn, meaning that even though Frank is educated it does not mean he has all the answers. The colouring of the visual text also expose the theme of change reveals a sense of coming into the world as it shows Rita wearing blue, a bright coloured shirt, which shows the passion for her education. This relates to her experiences coming into the world as Rita has experienced life without a n education and is now becoming educated through help and knowledge of her professor Frank, she has come to terms with changing the outside you also need to change the inside. But if you want to change y have to do it from the inside, dont y? Know, like Im doin. (Act one Pg. 11 This shows Rita wanting to change. Frank however is wearing a formal suit, dark and professional colours which demonstrate to the audience that the image being portrayed is different to what his personality is. This is also showing that although Frank is dressed professionally he is still a drunk. Frank is teaching because he has to not because he wants to. This shows how his passion is not there. Frank does not experience a positive change throughout the play. He becomes less sober and more pig headed Rita Do y need the money?Frank I do as a matter of fact. (Act one Pg. 4). Franks therefor is depicting that he is teaching Rita for the money, although Rita knows this she does not pay mind to it as she is get ting an education she is happy. This shows both Frank and Rita coming into the world. Another theme that is relevant and used throughout the play to demonstrate into the world is Social change. Rita feels as though she is socially disadvantaged as she is not educated with her working class neighbourhood. Her whole ego for an education was when her husband Denny, wanted to have a baby and she was looking for a better way of livin me life. The use of facial expression is used in the visual text to portray feeling and a sense of understanding. Rita looking up at Frank shows her wanting him to understand how much she wants an education. This shows Rita maturing as a working class citizen. Rita But I had a choice. I chose me. Because of what youd given me I had a choice. ( Act two Pg. 72) This quote shows Ritas transition of coming into the world. Franks facial expression is less enthusiastic. It shows him holding a book, portraying that Frank wants Rita to learn herself, backing up the play when he says he does not want to be the mould to Ritas change.Although Frank understands Rita wants an education he does not understand why she wants one now. Frank But I dont know what I want to tell you, Rita, I dont know what I want to teach you. What you already have is valuable. (Scene 1 Pg. 48). This shows Franks confusion towards Rita. Choices and consequences is another theme used in the play Educating Rita to show the transition of Frank and Rita coming into the world. Ritas motivation is to achieve a direction in which she wants her life to follow. Ritas main choice of an education is so she can make more informed choices. Frank is also having to make choices too.Rita decides for Frank that he is teaching her and that he is to return next week. Frank feels as though he has forced Rita into losing her touch with parts of herself which were unique and precious. Franks life is unsatisfying for him but unlike Rita he choses to do nothing about it. It is this choice he m akes into him being sent to Australia at the end of the play. The use of symbols used in the visual text is used to demonstrate an understanding of the world around the two protagonists, Frank and Rita. The window is set behind the two characters but is significant as it is referred to a lot in the play.Rita always looking out of the window to the educated class of people sitting on the grass gives a certainty of her need to escape and to become educated. Frank however wont give up drinking. He always has an alcoholic drink with him this shows he has a problem. Although Rita uses the window to escape, Frank uses it as a deception. He does not want to change he is satisfied with how he is. Frank does not accept change from choices that have been made. Frank No youve found a different song, thats all- and on your lips its shrill and hollow and tuneless. (Act two. Pg. 9) This quote showing the audience that Frank still has not changed from his morbid character at the beginning of the p lay till now. The visual text reveals Rita as an enthusiastic student who wants an education to change her life and her past choices. The text also reveals Frank of his consequences. Frank not being able to stay sober does not allow him to experience change throughout the transition of coming into the world, to his fullest potential. Into the world discusses change and experiences throughout ones life.. The play Educating Rita mostly supports this.Educating RitaNew experiences often occur in the transition of coming into the world. People in society learn to experience growth and cope with change in the world and themselves. Willy Russells play Educating Rita, demonstrates different pathways between the two protagonists, Frank and Rita and there coming into the world journey. In the play Willy Russell uses visual techniques such as positioning, colouring, facial expression, and symbols. The use of these techniques has allowed the composer to portray a better understanding of the pla y Educating Rita and how it represents the message of coming into the world. write an essay quickly One of the main themes in Educating Rita is change. Rita wants to move into a different world from where she grew up in. At the beginning of the play the audience comes to understand Rita changes her name from Susanne to Rita. This is significant as it shows an indication that she wants to transform herself, leaving her past behind her. Frank however becomes uncomfortable with the idea of being the mechanism of Ritas change. The theme change is represented in the positioning of the two protagonists as it signifies both Frank and Rita as coming into the world.The positioning of the characters shows Frank standing over Rita, distinctively reflecting the authority of Frank as he is the professor and the enthusiasm of Rita, as she is getting an education she is finding herself See I dont wanna a baby yet. See, I wanna discover myself first. (Act one Pg. 12) This shows Rita coming into the world as her transition of becoming educated helps her discover herself. Frank however has many questions, what can I teach you? (Act one Pg. 3) This displays Frank without authority as he is asking Rita what she wants to learn, meaning that even though Frank is educated it does not mean he has all the answers. The colouring of the visual text also expose the theme of change reveals a sense of coming into the world as it shows Rita wearing blue, a bright coloured shirt, which shows the passion for her education. This relates to her experiences coming into the world as Rita has experienced life without an education and is now becoming educated through help and knowledge of her professor Frank, she has come to terms with changing the outside you also need to change the inside. But if you want to change y have to do it from the inside, dont y? Know, like Im doin. (Act one Pg. 11 This shows Rita wanting to change. Frank however is wearing a formal suit, dark and professional colours w hich demonstrate to the audience that the image being portrayed is different to what his personality is. This is also showing that although Frank is dressed professionally he is still a drunk. Frank is teaching because he has to not because he wants to. This shows how his passion is not there. Frank does not experience a positive change throughout the play. He becomes less sober and more pig headed Rita Do y need the money?Frank I do as a matter of fact. (Act one Pg. 4). Franks therefor is depicting that he is teaching Rita for the money, although Rita knows this she does not pay mind to it as she is getting an education she is happy. This shows both Frank and Rita coming into the world. Another theme that is relevant and used throughout the play to demonstrate into the world is Social change. Rita feels as though she is socially disadvantaged as she is not educated with her working class neighbourhood. Her whole ego for an education was when her husband Denny, wanted to have a bab y and she was looking for a better way of livin me life. The use of facial expression is used in the visual text to portray feeling and a sense of understanding. Rita looking up at Frank shows her wanting him to understand how much she wants an education. This shows Rita maturing as a working class citizen. Rita But I had a choice. I chose me. Because of what youd given me I had a choice. ( Act two Pg. 72) This quote shows Ritas transition of coming into the world. Franks facial expression is less enthusiastic. It shows him holding a book, portraying that Frank wants Rita to learn herself, backing up the play when he says he does not want to be the mould to Ritas change.Although Frank understands Rita wants an education he does not understand why she wants one now. Frank But I dont know what I want to tell you, Rita, I dont know what I want to teach you. What you already have is valuable. (Scene 1 Pg. 48). This shows Franks confusion towards Rita. Choices and consequences is anoth er theme used in the play Educating Rita to show the transition of Frank and Rita coming into the world. Ritas motivation is to achieve a direction in which she wants her life to follow. Ritas main choice of an education is so she can make more informed choices. Frank is also having to make choices too.Rita decides for Frank that he is teaching her and that he is to return next week. Frank feels as though he has forced Rita into losing her touch with parts of herself which were unique and precious. Franks life is unsatisfying for him but unlike Rita he choses to do nothing about it. It is this choice he makes into him being sent to Australia at the end of the play. The use of symbols used in the visual text is used to demonstrate an understanding of the world around the two protagonists, Frank and Rita. The window is set behind the two characters but is significant as it is referred to a lot in the play.Rita always looking out of the window to the educated class of people sitting on the grass gives a certainty of her need to escape and to become educated. Frank however wont give up drinking. He always has an alcoholic drink with him this shows he has a problem. Although Rita uses the window to escape, Frank uses it as a deception. He does not want to change he is satisfied with how he is. Frank does not accept change from choices that have been made. Frank No youve found a different song, thats all- and on your lips its shrill and hollow and tuneless. (Act two. Pg. 9) This quote showing the audience that Frank still has not changed from his morbid character at the beginning of the play till now. The visual text reveals Rita as an enthusiastic student who wants an education to change her life and her past choices. The text also reveals Frank of his consequences. Frank not being able to stay sober does not allow him to experience change throughout the transition of coming into the world, to his fullest potential. Into the world discusses change and experiences t hroughout ones life.. The play Educating Rita mostly supports this.